Fang-Jing Huang, Jia-Jie Jiao, Ze-Xi Wang, Hong-Ying Jie, Jia-Hao He, Xiao-Xin Zuo, Yan-Hong Zhao, Yu Lu, Jian-Hong Gu, Fang Lyu
Abstract
Simple Summary Lyophilization is a well-established technique for the long-term preservation of live vaccines, offering advantages such as superior protection and ease of transportation. However, the quality of lyophilized animal vaccines remains inconsistent, and their widespread application is limited due to high economic costs, the complexity of formulation design, and incompatibility between lyophilization protocols and vaccine solutions. We elaborate on the fundamental principles and procedural steps of the freeze-drying process. Synthesizing the research findings and experience of our team and the broader field, we enumerate the critical factors that determine the quality of lyophilized animal vaccines. This paper aims to elucidate the preparation principles, current status, application value, and future perspectives of lyophilized animal vaccines, with the aspiration of promoting the high-quality application of freeze-drying technology in the field of animal vaccine manufacturing.